Beijing Summer Palace
仁寿殿
Hall of Benevolence and Longevity (Renshou Dian)
清漪园时名勤政殿，始建于乾隆十五年（1750），咸丰十年（1860）被英法联军烧毁，光绪十二年（1886）重建，取《论语》中“仁者寿”之意，改名仁寿殿。这里是慈禧和光绪住园期间临朝理政、接受恭贺和接见外国使节的地方，为颐和园听政区的主体建筑。
First built in Emperor Qianlong's reign (1750) during the Qing Dynasty, this building was named the Hall of Industrious Government when the whole Summer Palace area was called the Garden of Clear Ripples. In the Emperor Guangxu's reign, the Hall was rebuilt (1886) where it had been before the Anglo-French Allied Forces burned it down in 1860. Citing the saying "One who is benevolent enjoys longevity" from the Analects of Confucius, it was renamed the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. This was where Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu handled court affairs, accepted laudations and received foreign diplomats during their staty in the Summer Palace. As such, it was the Summer Palace's main government building.
玉澜堂
Yulan Tang (Hall of Jade Ripples)
始建于乾隆十五年（1750），原为一组四通八达的穿堂殿。咸丰十年（1860）被英法联军烧毁，光绪十二年（1886）重建，是光绪皇帝在园内的寝宫。光绪二十四年（1898）戊戌变法失败后，慈禧命人将院落封闭，此处即成为园内幽禁光绪皇帝的地方。
Originally built with passageways in all directions in 1750 during Emperor Qianlong's reign, the hall was burned down by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860. It was reconstructed in 1886 as the emperor's living quarters. Following the failure of the Reform Movement in 1898, Empress Dowager Cixi ordered that the courtyard be blocked off and put the emperor under house arrest.
玉澜堂正殿
Hall of Jade Ripples (Yulan Tang)
为光绪皇帝居园时的寝宫。堂内明间设紫檀木嵌沉香的宝座和御案、绘有山水画的玻璃围屏、翠羽掌扇等皇权标志物，是光绪当年批阅奏章、处理政务的地方。一八九八年九月十六日，光绪曾在此召见握有兵权的袁世凯，冀望袁赞助“变法维新”。西北间为光绪的卧室。
These were living quarters for Emperor Guangxu while he was in the Summer Palace. Emperor Guangxu used to read submissions to the throne and conduct court affairs in the central room, which was furnished with a throne and desk made of red sandalwood inlaid with eagiewood, glass screens decorated with landscape paintings, and fans made of emerald green feathers all symbols of imperial power. On September 16th, 1898, Emperor Guangxu summoned Yuan Shikai, who then had control over an imperial regiment, for a secret audience here, in the hope that Yuan would support his reforms. The room in the northwest was the Emperor's bedroom.
麒麟
Kylin (Qilin)
铸造于乾隆年间，形状奇异，龙头，狮尾，牛蹄，鹿角，遍体鳞甲，是传说中的瑞兽，具有镇恶辟邪的作用。
This statue of a kylin was cast during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. The kylin was an auspicious legendary animal that had the power to punish eveil and repel the wicked. Its form is peculiar : dragon head, lion tail, ox hooves, deer antlers and scales all over its body.
青芝岫
Blue Iris Stone (Qingzhi Xiu)
俗称“败家石”。据史料记载，明朝官僚米万钟于北京的房山发现了这块色青而润、状若灵芝的巨石，在运往米氏勺园的途中，由于财力不支，不得不弃于郊野，后被乾隆耗巨资移置于此，取名“青芝岫”，是中国最大的园林置石。
This stone was popularly known as the "Stone of the Wastrel". According to historical records, an official of the Ming Dynasty by the name of Mi Wanzhong found this large, dark and sleek stone, shaped like a fungus at Fangshan in the southwest of Beijing. While have the stone moved to his home at Shaoyuan, he fell into financial difficulties and had to abandon it. Years later, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty had it moved to this palace at much expense and named it "Blue Iris Stone". This is the largest stone decoration in any Chinese garden.
长廊
Long Corridor (Chang Lang)
始建于乾隆十五年（1750），后被英法联军烧毁，光绪十二年（1886）重建。长廊东起邀月门，西至石丈亭，共二百七十三间，全长七百二十八米，枋梁上还绘有人物、山水、花鸟等各种彩画八千多幅，是中国古典园林中最长的游廊。长廊中间建有留佳、寄澜、秋水、清遥四座八角重檐的亭子，依山临水，以排云殿为中心，向东西两边对称地展开，将分布在万寿山前的建筑连成一气。
The Long Corridor was originally built in 1750 and then rebuilt in 1886 after the Anglo-French Allied Forces burned it down in 1860. It starts from Yaoyue (Inviting the Moon) Gate in the east and ends at Shizhang (Stone Old Man) Pavilion in the west--a distance of 728 meters with 273 sections. Of all the corridors in Chinese classical gardens, this is the longest. On the beams are more than 8,000 colorful paintings depicting birds, flowers, landscapes and stories from Chinese literary classics. Four octagonal, double-eaved pavilions--"Mesmerizing Scenery", Dispelling Clouds as the center, the Long Corridor stretches symmetrically to the east and the west along the foot of the hill and the lakeshore, linking all the structures scattered along Longevity Hill into a whole.
德和园
Garden of Virture and Harmony (Dehe Yuan)
兴建于清光绪十七年（1891）， 历时五年建成，是专供慈禧太后看戏的地方。园内的三层戏台是中国规模最大、保存最完好的木结构古戏台，其建筑设计精巧、气势宏伟，极富科学和艺术价值；清代著名京剧表演艺术家杨小楼，谭鑫培等都曾在此为此禧太后献艺，被誉为“京剧的摇篮”；慈禧太后也曾赏赐一些王公大臣在此看戏。
游客在院中可以直观地感受慈禧当年看戏的场景，并可目睹到大量珍贵的帝后生活用品及外国馈赠清室的礼物。
This garden was built as a theater for Empress Dowager Cixi. Its construction began in 1891 and lasted for five years. The delicate, magnificent, three-storey theater stage is the largest and best preserved wooden stage in China and is of much scientific and artistic value. Famous Beijing Opera actors of the Qing Dynasty such as Yang Xiaolou and Tan Xinpei performed here for Cixi. This stage is considered the "Cradle of Beijing Opera". Cixi granted special permission for some of the princes, dukes and cabinet ministers to watch Beijing opera here.
Visitors can imagine the scene when Empress Dowager Cixi watched opera in this garden. A large number of precious daily articles used by emperors and empress and gifts presented to the Qing court by foreign states, are on display here.
听鹂馆
Hall for Listening to Orioles (Tingli Guan)
原是乾隆为其母看戏所建，内有两层的戏台，因古人常借黄鹂鸟的叫声比喻音乐的优美动听，故名之为“听鹂馆”。一八六零年遭英法联军焚毁，光绪时改建。在德和园大戏楼建成前，慈禧经常在这里看戏，宴饮。现在听鹂馆已成为专营宫廷菜式的餐厅，先后接待过上百位国家元首和政府首脑，成为中国著名的宫廷菜系饭庄。
Initially built by Emperor Qianlong (1736-1795) for his mother to watch operas, this theater with its two-storey stage was named the "Hall for Listening to Orioles" because in old times, people often compared beautiful voices to the singing of orioles. It was burned down by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860 and rebuilt during the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1875-1908). Before the completion of the Great Stage in the Garden of Virtue and Harmony, the EMpress Dowager Cixi often watched operas and held banquets here. Now, the hall serves as a restaurant specializing in imperial court cuisine and is famous for having received over a hundred foreign leaders.
庆善堂
Hall of Celebrating Virtues (Qingshan Tang)
专供慈禧太后看戏是临时休息的场所。一九零三年，美国画家卡尔曾在此为慈禧太后画像。
Empress Dowager Cixi rested here during opera intermissions. In 1903, the American artist Carl painted her portrait here.
东看戏廊
The Eastern Veranda
原为大戏台东看戏廊，是慈禧太后驻园期间恩赏于公大臣看戏的地方。现此处陈列有多种清代宫廷生活用品。
Princes, dukes and high-ranking officials used to watch Beijing opera here at the invitation of Empress Dowager Cixi. Various daily use articles of the Qing Court are displayed here.
扮戏楼
Make-up Building (Banxi Lou)
始建于一八九一年，面南为两层的殿堂，北面与大戏楼相连，是当年演员化妆的后台，现已辟为展室，其中陈列的汽车被认为是我国进口的第一部汽车，为当时大臣所进献。
Originally built in 1891, the southern part of this structure was a two-storey hall with the northern section connected to the Grand Stage. Actors applied their make-up here. It is now a showroom. The car on display, given by one of the court ministers to the Empress Dowager, is believed to be the first car imported into China.
大戏楼
Grand Stage (Daxi Lou)
大戏楼由三层的唱戏楼和两层的扮戏楼组成，始建于一八九一年，一八九五年建成。唱戏楼从上向下分为福、禄、寿三台，可以同时演戏；还设有翻板、辘轳和高压水机等机关，可以表现神仙下凡、鬼怪遁地和喷水等场景。颐和园大戏楼与故宫的畅音阁和河北承德避暑山庄的清音阁并称为清代三大戏楼，又以颐和园大戏楼规模最大。清代著名京剧表演艺术家杨小楼，谭鑫培等都曾在此为慈禧太后献过艺。
Originally built in 1891 and completed in 1895, the Grand Stage is a complex structure comprising a three-storey building for performances and a two-storey make-up building. The performance building consists of the "fortune", "salary", and "longevity" stages, where different operas and plays could be performed at the same time. There were also performance props such as a spinning board, a windlass and a high-pressure water machine, which made it possible to enact scenes of gods coming down to earth, apparitions fleeing underground and water spewing forth. This Grand Stage in the Summer Palace, the Free Tones Pavilion in the Forbidden City and the Clear Voice Pavilion in Chengde Summer Resort, Hebei Province, were renowned as the three great stages during the Qing Dynasty. Of these, the Grand Stage in the Summer Palace was the largest. Distinguished Beijing Opera actors of the Qing Dynasty, like Yang Xiaolou and Tan Xinpei, performed here for the Empress Dowager.
火道口
Entrance to the Heating System
这里原是殿内冬季生火取暖用的地坑火道口。清代宫廷取暖用的木炭是选用优质木材专门精制而成，燃烧耐久、势旺、无烟。
This system, consisting of a web of channels under the floor, heated the hall during the winter. The charcoal selected for use in the court was made of fine wood, which burned long, strong and without smoke.
文昌阁
Wenchang Ge (Wenchang Tower)
颐和园内六座城关键筑中最大的一座，始建于乾隆十五年（1750），一八六零年被英法联军烧毁，光绪时重建。主阁两层，内共铜铸文昌帝君和仙童、铜特。文昌阁与万寿山西供武圣的宿云檐象征“文武辅弼”。
The largest of the six gate forts in the Summer Palace garden, the Wenchang Tower was first built in 1750 and rebuilt under Emperor Guangxu after the Anglo-French Allied Forces burned it down in 1860. A bronze statue of the god, Wenchang, and statues of two followers, the celestial boy, and the bronze steed, were placed in the two-storey pavilion. This tower is paired with the Tower of Cloud-Retaining Eaves, located to the west of the Longevity Hill, in which a statue of the Marital God was placed. The two towers symbolize the support by both scholars and warriors to the ruling emperor.
瓷器馆
Porcelain Gallery
瓷器是中国的一项伟大发明，它凝结着先人们的劳动和智慧，具有重要的历史、艺术和科学价值。唐代瓷的雍容华贵、宋瓷的纯净高雅、明清瓷的精致艳丽，在一定程度上都是当时社会风尚的体现。
这里陈列的园藏瓷器，上自元明，下迄晚清，又以清代的官窑制品为多，胎体精细，釉质润净，制作规整，品类多样，典型反映了清代皇家生活用瓷的规格和工艺水平。
Porcelain is one great Chinese invention that crystallizes ancient people's labor and wisdom. Therefore, it has significant historical, artistic and scientific values. Tang Dynasty (618-907) chinaware are colorful and stately, Song Dynasty (960-1279) ones are pure and elegant, and MIng (1368-1644) and QIng (1644-1911) ones are delicate and gorgeous. They all more or less reflect the social fashion of the time.
The Summer Palace chinaware displayed date back to between Yuan (1271-1368), Ming and late Qing Dynasties, with a large number from the official kilns of QIng. These chinaware have refined roughcast, clear enamel, standardized manufacturing, and variety in style. They provide a good glimpse to the standards and technique of the everyday chinaware used by the imperial family.
玉器馆
Porcelain Gallery
玉器制作，在中国有七千年以上的历史，经过历代能工巧匠的精雕细琢和鉴赏家、思想家的赏玩、诠释，玉--早已不仅仅是一种器物，而是被赋予了丰厚的文化内涵，深深地融入在中国的传统和礼俗中，它象征着权利、财富和美德……
这里展出的园藏玉器上自汉代，下迄晚清，尤以乾隆时代制品为多，其取材多位纯洁莹润的白玉、青玉等，材质佳好，工艺精湛，是典型的宫廷玉器。
China has over 7,000 years of history of making jade artifacts, with the exquisite handiwork of master craftsmen and the appreciation and interpretation of connoisseurs and thinkers from different dynasties, jade is no longer a mere object, but has been endowed with rich cultural significant ad has merged into traditional chinese custom and habits to symbolize power, wealth, virtue, etc.
The items exhibited here are part of the Summer Palace collections. They date back to as early as Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) and as late as Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), with a large number from Qianlong's reign (1736-1795). They are made of good quality white jade and black jade with perfect craftsmanship and are typical items found in the imperial palaces.
铜器馆
Bronze Gallery
青铜器，是中国上古社会统治阶级权力和秩序的象征，包含着极为丰富的历史文化与艺术信息。秦汉以后，青铜器的地位开始下降，但作为“铸九鼎以治天下”的重要权力标志，仍被历代统治者所崇尚。此馆展出之青铜器，皆为颐和园珍物。
颐和园内的二百余个露陈墩，便是当年陈放青铜器用的，古朴精美的铜器掩映于楼台花木之间，更增添了皇家园林的华贵与尊严。
Bronze symbolize power and order of the ruling class in ancient China and carry rich cultural, historical and artistic information. Although their importance lessened after Qin (221-206 BC) and Han (206 BC-220 AD) Dynasties, the practice of "casting numerous dings (bronze pots) to symbolize the power of the rule" was still prevalent among rules of different dynasties. The items in this gallery are all treasures from the Summer Palace collection.
排云殿
Hall of Dispelling Clouds (Paiyun Dian)
原为清漪园大报恩延寿寺大雄宝殿，咸丰十年（1860）被英法联军烧毁，光绪十二年（1886）在其废墟上建成排云殿，是为慈禧祝寿的场所。现殿内陈列的展品为当年王公大臣进献的寿礼。
The original construction here was the Hall of the Great Buddha of the Temple of Immense Gratitude and Longevity in the Garden of Clear Ripples. It was burned down by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860 and reconstructed on its original site in 1886 as a place to celebrate Empress Dowager Cixi's birthdays. On display inside the hall are some of the birthday presents offered by princes, dukes and high ranking officials.
佛香阁
Tower of Buddhist Incense (Foxiang Ge)
始建于清乾隆年间，一八六零年被英法联军烧毁，光绪时按原样重建。阁结构为八面三层四重檐，通高36.44米，耸立于20米高的石造台基上，气势雄伟，是颐和园全园的构图中心。阁内供奉有铜铸金裹千手观世音菩萨站像。像高五米，重万斤，为明代万历年间所造，在八根贯通全阁上下的承重铁梨木擎天柱的衬托下，美妙庄严，熠熠生辉，又极高的文物和艺术价值。
Originally built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong and burned down by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860, it was rebuilt in its original sytle during Emperor Guangxu's reign (1875-1908). The octagonal tower has three storeys with four-layered eaves, altogether 36.44 meters high. Standing on a 20-meter high stone foundation, it constitutes the center of the Summer Palace landscape and serves to accentuate its magnificence. A statue of the thousand-handed Guanyin Buddha, cast in bronze and gilded with gold, stands inside the tower. The statue, five meters high and five tons in weight, was cast during the reign of Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty. Set off by the eight imposing pillars that support the tower, it glows with beauty, grandeur and brilliance. Its historical, cultural and artistic value can hardly be overstated.
千手观音
Qianshou Guanyin
铸成于明万历二年（1574年），本名“南无大悲观世音菩萨像”。铜胎鎏金，高五米，头面分四层，每层三面，共十二面，二十四臂，下蹬九层有999个花瓣的莲花宝座，法相庄严，铸造精美，有极高的文物价值。
Cast in 1574, this statue was originally named the "Statue of Guanyin Bodhisattva". The five-meter high bronze figure was glided with a head of four tiers each with three faces--a total of twelve faces, and twenty-four arms. The statue sits on a lotus seat of nine layers of 999 petals. Cast with superb workmanship, the grand, solemn statue is of great historic and cultural value.
德辉殿
Hall of Virtuous Glories (Dehui Dian)
光绪十二年（1886）建于被英法联军焚毁的原清漪园多宝殿旧址之上，是当年慈禧到佛香阁拈香礼佛时的更衣之处。
This hall was built in the 12th year of Emperor Guangxu's reign (1886) on the original site of the Hall of Many Treasures, when the Summer Palace was still named the Garden of Clear Ripples. It served as a dressing room for Empress Dowager Cixi on her way to the Tower of the Fragrance of the Buddha to pay her respects.
玉华殿
Hall of Finest Jade (Yuhua Dian)
始建于光绪十二年（1886），是当年慈禧举行万寿庆典时王公大臣们的休息处。现在殿中陈列的文物皆为当年王公大臣进献慈禧的寿礼。
Built in the 1886, the hall was a lounge for dukes, princes and cabinet ministers when in the Summer Palace to celebrate Empress Dowager Cixi's birthdays. The cultural relics on display here are birthday presents from the dukes, princes and cabinet ministers to Cixi.
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